| 1 | Plan the scale first | Choose one consistent scale, such as 1:35 or 1:48, and record the model dimensions before purchasing scenery. | 1 scale guide and 1 measurement sheet | Select figures and accessories that use the same scale or have documented dimensions. | Prevents oversized plants, rocks, and figures from making the scene look unrealistic. | Keep the scale guide with the project records for future repairs or additions. |
| 2 | Select a rigid base | Use a flat, rigid panel approximately 6–12 mm thick, with a footprint suitable for the display area. | 1 base panel | Choose a moisture-resistant, warp-resistant panel with smooth edges and no visible cracks. | Provides a stable surface for terrain, figures, rocks, and protective edging. | Keep the finished base level and avoid placing it directly on damp floors or windowsills. |
| 3 | Build terrain with lightweight materials | Use closed-cell foam, lightweight modeling compound, fine sand, small stones, and non-toxic water-based paints. | 1–2 foam sheets, 0.5–1 kg modeling compound, 250–500 g sand or gravel | Choose low-dust materials with consistent grain size; avoid loose powders that can migrate into moving parts or display cases. | Creates slopes, riverbeds, nesting areas, exposed rock, and varied ground levels without excessive weight. | Allow wet materials and paint to dry fully before adding figures or sealing the scene. |
| 4 | Source figures and accessories carefully | Use durable resin, polymer, or sealed plaster figures with stable contact points and anatomically consistent proportions. | 2–5 main figures plus 5–15 small environmental details | Inspect for warping, bubbles, brittle parts, sharp flash, and weak ankles or tails before purchase. | Dry-fit every figure before gluing and leave adequate clearance around the main focal point. | Support fragile parts during storage and avoid repeated handling of thin limbs, horns, or tails. |
| 5 | Use compatible adhesives and tools | Prepare a low-moisture craft adhesive for porous scenery, a suitable two-part adhesive for heavy parts, tweezers, a hobby knife, and a small cutting mat. | 1 adhesive set, 1 tool kit, 10–20 disposable mixing sticks | Check material compatibility on a hidden test area; avoid adhesives that soften foam or leave a permanent glossy residue. | Attach heavy figures with small, controlled adhesive points and secure delicate details after the terrain is finished. | Store adhesives sealed, upright, and according to the safety instructions on their containers. |
| 6 | Organize the build in stages | Sort materials into labeled groups: base, terrain, vegetation, figures, tools, paint, and repair supplies. | 6–7 labeled containers or resealable bags | Use clear containers, inventory labels, and a simple checklist showing quantity, color, and project location. | Complete the base and terrain first, then paint, add vegetation, position figures, and finish with small details. | Keep unused materials dust-free and retain spare foliage, paint, and adhesive for matching future repairs. |
| 7 | Protect the completed diorama | Use a clear display cover or dust-resistant case with enough internal clearance for the tallest figure and vegetation. | 1 protective case and 4–6 soft support pads | Choose a case with stable sides, a secure lid, and materials that do not touch painted surfaces. | Measure the finished height and width before ordering the cover; leave a small air gap around the scene. | Display away from direct sunlight, radiators, and high humidity; dust with a soft brush and inspect joints periodically. |