| Newborn to about 3 months | 120–150 mL (4–5 fl oz) | Slow-flow nipple; narrow or gently rounded tip. A slower flow can help reduce gulping when appropriate for the baby. | Small, lightweight bottle with a simple shape that is easy to hold during paced feeding. | Glass is durable and does not absorb odors but is heavier and can break. Polypropylene is lightweight and should be clearly labeled BPA-free. | Easy-to-read volume markings, secure collar, and a cap that protects the nipple during storage. | Feed in a semi-upright position. Never enlarge a nipple hole. Inspect for tears, stickiness, clouding, or other damage before use. |
| About 3–6 months | 150–240 mL (5–8 fl oz) | Usually slow-to-medium flow, but the correct level depends on the baby’s coordination and the manufacturer’s system. | Medium-capacity bottle with an ergonomic body and a nipple that supports comfortable, paced feeding. | Food-contact plastics should be BPA-free. Silicone nipples are flexible and odor-resistant; they still require regular inspection and replacement. | Wide opening for easier cleaning, stable base, and parts that can be assembled without forcing the seal. | Do not increase flow only because the baby is older. Signs of flow being too fast may include coughing, choking, leaking milk, or pulling away. |
| About 6–12 months | 180–270 mL (6–9 fl oz) | Medium or faster flow only if the baby manages it comfortably; many babies begin practicing cup drinking during this period. | Lightweight bottle with handles or a grippable profile for supervised self-holding. | Polypropylene is light and commonly used for bottles. Avoid using damaged or heavily scratched containers for feeding. | Removable handles, leak-resistant cap, clear measurement marks, and few separate parts to simplify washing. | Introduce an open cup or suitable training cup when developmentally ready. Do not let a baby carry a bottle while lying down or fall asleep with it. |
| About 12 months and beyond | 180–300 mL (6–10 fl oz), depending on the drink and routine | Many children can transition from a bottle nipple to a straw, spout, or open cup; flow should match the child’s ability. | Durable training cup or straw cup designed for upright use rather than continued reliance on a bottle. | Choose food-contact materials labeled BPA-free and follow the product’s heat and cleaning limits. Stainless steel may be useful for some cups but is not transparent for checking liquid level. | Easy-grip handles, a replaceable valve or straw, and a design that can be fully disassembled for cleaning. | Gradual transition away from bottles can support oral development. Avoid prolonged sipping of sugary drinks or milk, especially between meals. |
| For expressed milk or formula on the go | Choose a capacity that matches one usual feed without routinely overfilling. | Use the nipple flow the baby already handles well; do not select a faster flow to shorten a feed. | Leak-resistant bottle with a secure cap and a clearly marked fill line. | Glass, polypropylene, and silicone may all be suitable when intended for food contact and used within the manufacturer’s temperature limits. | Compatible storage lid, insulated carrier, replaceable sealing ring, and parts that can be cleaned separately. | Follow local guidance for storage and handling of breast milk or prepared formula. Discard leftover milk or formula according to applicable health guidance rather than saving it after a feed. |
| For babies with feeding difficulties | Capacity should be selected according to the clinician’s feeding plan, not simply by age. | Specialty nipples or vented systems may be recommended, but flow rates and compatibility vary substantially between designs. | Use only a system recommended by a pediatrician, lactation professional, or feeding therapist when there are swallowing or coordination concerns. | Confirm that every component contacting milk or formula is intended for feeding and is BPA-free. Avoid mixing parts from incompatible systems. | Controlled-flow options, clear assembly instructions, and accessible replacement parts can be helpful. | Seek professional advice for repeated coughing, choking, breathing changes, poor weight gain, prolonged feeds, or frequent milk loss from the mouth. |